{"id":7922,"date":"2018-10-30T16:13:20","date_gmt":"2018-10-30T15:13:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/?p=7922\/"},"modified":"2018-10-30T16:13:20","modified_gmt":"2018-10-30T15:13:20","slug":"breaking-cities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/en\/breaking-cities\/","title":{"rendered":"Breaking Cities"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #1f2838; font-family: 'liberationserif-regular'; font-size: 17px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">Presenter at Nordic Urban Lab 2018: Peter Schultz J\u00f8rgensen, Urban planner and author.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3358\" src=\"http:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peter-s7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"548\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peter-s7.png 605w, https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peter-s7-300x163.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Peter Schultz J\u00f8rgensen has written the book &#8220;<em>Byer i opbrud \u2013 om det anti-f\u00e6lles, det f\u00e6lles og det n\u00e6ste samfund&#8221; (2017)<\/em> (Breaking cities \u2013 about the anti-commons, the commons and the next society). The book stresses the need of the citizens to put themselves in the center of change, in the small scale as well as in the scale of the municipality.<\/p>\n<p>In a time dominated by a complex of crisis (the crises of civilization) \u2013 economical, ecological, human and democratic &#8211; the most serious crisis might be our ability to imagine what the next society could be. As it has been said:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #333300;\"><strong><em> \u201cIt\u2019s easier to imagine the end of the world than to imagine the end of capitalism.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-3353 alignleft\" style=\"margin: 8px 16px 8px 0px; outline: #72777c solid 1px; height: 172px; text-align: left; color: #333333; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; max-width: 996px; orphans: 2; float: left; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/peterSH4-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"336\" height=\"163\" \/>Fragmented commons is not enough in a situation, as David Harvey writes in his book Rebel Cities: \u201cUrbanization is about the perpetual production of an urban commons (and its shadow-form of public spaces and public goods) and its perpetual appropriation and destruction by private interests.\u201d The anti-commons dominate the commons, but there are many objective and subjective factors for the commons stimulating our imagination and pointing into the next society.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Lets win back Barcelona<\/h3>\n<p><em>The stakeholders of the presented case by Peter Schultz J\u00f8rgensen, at Nordic Urban Lab, are the citizens-driven organizations and platforms created to uncover and develop the needs of and solutions for each specific neighborhood. \u00a0The political platform in Barcelona is BCom\u00fa which is neither a political party org just a movement. \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Because of the building boom in Spain until the crisis hit in 2007\/08, almost 3,5 million residential properties were unoccupied. And because of the crises, 2008\u20132016 in Spain, more than 695,000 mortgage foreclosures resulted in more than 327,000 evictions.<\/p>\n<p>In 2014 some of the PAH-members, people from the former M15 movement, unorganized individuals and people from other urban social movements decided to create a political platform for the upcoming municipal election May 2015.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3373\" style=\"width: 512px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3373\" class=\"wp-image-3373\" style=\"outline: #72777c solid 1px; height: 281px; text-align: left; color: #333333; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 18.73px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; max-width: 996px; orphans: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peterSc.3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"502\" height=\"267\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3373\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Slide from Schultz presentation; PAH protests the banks&#8217; evictions of people from their apartments.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;Plataforma De Afectados Por La Hipoteca&#8221; (PAH) became the platform for the evicted or people threatened by eviction. In Barcelona and other cities some of the evicted people began to organize platforms where they could meet and tell their individual stories. Doing so they realized that their problem was not caused by personal failure.<\/p>\n<p>They created collective narratives unraveling systemic failures. It was common problems caused by systemic defects. From this they formulated demands, organized protests and blockage of evictions etc. They develop assemblies that unleashed the collective intelligence. This still takes place every Monday evening in Barcelona.<\/p>\n<p>Barcelona en Comu\u00b4s (BCom\u00fa) (Barcelona in common&#8217;s) invitation to all the citizens was titled \u2018Lets win back Barcelona\u2019:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA victory for Barcelona en Com\u00fa could serve as an inspiration and a model for citizen movements in the rest of Europe and beyond. The citizens of Barcelona have the opportunity to make their city the capital of a democratic revolution that people across the world are yearning for. Let&#8217;s win back our cities, let&#8217;s win back Barcelona on May 24.\u201d And: &#8220;We want to do this collectively, so that citizens of the city are the protagonists in the construction of public policies, and words like participation\u2019 and \u2018transparency\u2019 mean something again. We want a city council that governs by obeying its citizens.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The invitation is an answer to the unequal development of the city, corruption, unemployment etc. <span style=\"color: #333333;\">&#8220;Barcelona is a global city in danger of converting its social, cultural, historical and architectural heritage into a showroom at the service of neoliberal policies. This is undermining life and social harmony in the city. Today, the right to the city of the women and men of Barcelona is at risk.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3394\" style=\"width: 614px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3394\" class=\"wp-image-3394\" src=\"http:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peterbarcelona.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peterbarcelona.png 518w, https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peterbarcelona-300x167.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3394\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Slide from Schultz&#8217;s presentation. BCom\u00fa organized assemblies in different kinds of public spaces.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>Instead of negotiating compromises, they went to the neighborhood- and plaza-assemblies where the electoral program was developed. &#8220;Each platform should emerge from the social reality of the city, be driven by citizens, rely on the widest possible support and not be led by any political party.&#8221; It was a process of creating a sense of change.<\/p>\n<p>The result of the election was that BCom\u00fa won 11 out of 43 seats in the City Council. The PAH spokesperson Ada Colau became the new mayor in Barcelona.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Se<\/strong><strong>e video: <a href=\"http:\/\/dosanysdespres.cat\/en\">&#8220;Two Years Later&#8221;<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3382 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/petersh4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"152\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/petersh4.png 805w, https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/petersh4-300x57.png 300w, https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/petersh4-768x146.png 768w, https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/petersh4-800x153.png 800w, https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/petersh4-700x133.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>BCom\u00fa&#8217;s political strategies:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tourist strategy 2020: Stop new hotel construction in the historic center \u2013 decentralizing the activities. Closing down illegal tourist-apartments and fining Airbnb. Tourism as a benefit for the neighborhood economy though cooperatives etc. etc.<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Re-municipalization of energy and water and t<span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #333333; cursor: text; font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman','Bitstream Charter',Times,serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">echnological sovereignty.<\/span><br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 New design and improvement of public spaces which fits to the needs of different kinds of citizens &#8211; not at least women and families.<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Acquisition of buildings and construction of affordable housing. Fining Airbnb and taking tourists apartments back to the housing stock.<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Executing social neighborhood projects etc.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Private vehicles account for 20% of total movements in the city today and occupy 60% of the roads. Superilles (superblocks) are tested in the area of the city based on Cerda&#8217;s grid-plan. \u201dDemocracy and public space are not the finishing line but rather the starting point&#8230;.\u00a0we need residents which make the streets and squares of our city their own.\u201d &#8211; Ada Colau.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3411\" style=\"width: 634px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3411\" class=\"wp-image-3411 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peterbarcelonabil.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peterbarcelonabil.png 624w, https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peterbarcelonabil-300x168.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3411\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em> Slide from Schultz presentation: Re-organizing the Cerda-grid plan of the city, creating more human scale space. <\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Citizens-driven actions<\/h3>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-3412 alignright\" style=\"margin: 8px 0px 8px 16px; outline: #72777c solid 1px; height: 403px; text-align: left; color: #333333; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; max-width: 996px; orphans: 2; float: right; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent;\" src=\"http:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/petersh6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"314\" height=\"363\" \/><\/h3>\n<p><b><\/b>The methods Schultz describes is basically scaling up grassroot-initiatives, local citizens-driven actions throughout the cities. The citizens took actions like neighborhood and community assemblies, demonstrations in public spaces, squares and streets. Local platforms and open meetings are essential along with the redistribution of power from the city council to the neighborhoods.<\/p>\n<p>People can and do &#8211; organized and by using their collective intelligence &#8211; define their common needs and their common solutions, but to be successful and achieve citizen driven changes they need political power. Both on community level and at the level of the municipality.<\/p>\n<p>Also they need hope, the sense for and the imagination of a social alternative. As Ada Colau \u2013 Mayor of Barcelona \u2013 says: \u201cWe are living in extraordinary times that demands brave and creative solutions. If we\u2019re able to imagine a different city, we\u2019ll have the power to transform it&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Schultz points out that political bottom-up power is necessary. Bottom-up in the sense that people in the neighborhoods took a part of the power via their elected representatives when the activist Ada Colau became the mayor of Barcelona. The development of further democratic structures in the neighborhoods is an essential priority. Until now this have been relatively successful in Barcelona and other cities in Spain, even if the challenges are huge.<\/p>\n<p><b><\/b>The municipalities, neighbourhoods and the citizens constantly needs to remember what David Harvey expressed in his book &#8220;Rebel Cities&#8221; in this way:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #333300;\">\u201d&#8230; what kind of city we want cannot be divorced from the question of what kind of people we want to be, what kinds of social relations we seek, what relations to nature we cherish, what style of life we desire, what aesthetic values we hold. [&#8230;.] \u00a0The freedom to make and remake ourselves and our cities is, I want to argue, one of the most precious yet most neglected of our human rights.&#8221;<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Challenges for further development<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The municipality need more rights and tools from the central government in Madrid. Including the right to decide larger budgets.<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The bureaucracy in the municipal administration.<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Attacks from the old parties and the media.<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Exhaustion of the movement.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3413 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peter-s5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peter-s5.png 888w, https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peter-s5-300x61.png 300w, https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peter-s5-768x157.png 768w, https:\/\/www.metropolis.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/peter-s5-700x143.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #1f2838; font-family: 'liberationserif-regular'; font-size: 17px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\">Documentation by: Josefina Kyd\u00f6nhoma, Malm\u00f6 University\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Presenter at Nordic Urban Lab 2018: Peter Schultz J\u00f8rgensen, Urban planner and author.\u00a0 &nbsp; Peter Schultz J\u00f8rgensen has written the book &#8220;Byer i opbrud \u2013&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[89,197,567,84],"tags":[533,163,516,165,208],"class_list":["post-7922","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archive","category-metropolis-en","category-metropolis-lab-2018-en","category-metropolis-laboratory-en","tag-cultural-planning-en","tag-metropolis-en","tag-metropolis-2018-en","tag-metropolis-laboratory-en","tag-nordic-urban-lab-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Breaking Cities - Metropolis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Presenter at Nordic Urban Lab 2018: Peter Schultz J\u00f8rgensen, Urban planner and author.\u00a0 &nbsp; 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